Impact of multivitamin‐mineral and cocoa extract on incidence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Results from the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study for the Mind (COSMOS‐Mind)

Abstract

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe assessed the effects of multivitamin‐mineral and cocoa extract supplementation on incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and all‐cause probable dementia.METHODSCOSMOS‐Mind (N = 2262), a 2 × 2 factorial, randomized‐controlled clinical trial administered a telephone‐based cognitive battery at baseline and annually for 3 years. Incidence rates of MCI, and separately dementia, were compared among treatment arms with proportional hazards regression.RESULTSOver 3 years, 110 incident MCI and 14 incident dementia cases were adjudicated. Incidence rates did not vary by assignment to multivitamin‐mineral or cocoa extract (all p’s ≥ 0.05); however, statistical power was low. When participants assigned to multivitamin‐mineral versus placebo converted to MCI, their scores for global cognition (p = 0.03) and executive function (p < 0.001) were higher and had declined less relative to the previous year (p = 0.03 for global cognition; p = 0.004 for executive function).DISCUSSIONMultivitamin‐mineral therapy may provide cognitive resilience, countering conversion to MCI, but not significantly reduce its incidence over 3 years.Highlights Multivitamin‐mineral supplementation did not reduce risks for cognitive impairment. Cocoa extract supplementation did not reduce risks for cognitive impairment. Multivitamin‐mineral supplementation slowed cognitive declines for incident mild cognitive impairment.