In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Melted Germanium Encapsulated in Multilayer Graphene

Author:

Suzuki Seiya123ORCID,Nemoto Yoshihiro4,Shiiki Natsumi2,Nakayama Yoshiko4,Takeguchi Masaki4

Affiliation:

1. Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) 2–4 Shirakata Tokai Ibaraki 319–1195 Japan

2. International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐0044 Japan

3. PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4‐1‐8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332‐0012 Japan

4. Electron Microscopy Analysis Station National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐2‐1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐0047 Japan

Abstract

AbstractGermanene is a two‐dimensional germanium (Ge) analogous of graphene, and its unique topological properties are expected to make it a material for next‐generation electronics. However, no germanene electronic devices have yet been reported. One of the reasons for this is that germanene is easily oxidized in air due to its lack of chemical stability. Therefore, growing germanene at solid interfaces where it is not oxidized is one of the key steps for realizing electronic devices based on germanene. In this study, the behavior of Ge at the solid interface at high temperatures is observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To achieve such in situ heating TEM observation, this work fabricates a graphene/Ge/graphene encapsulated structure. In situ heating TEM experiments reveal that Ge like droplets move and coalesce with other Ge droplets, indicating that Ge remains as a liquid phase between graphene layers at temperatures higher than the Ge melting point. It is also observed that Ge droplets incorporate the surrounding amorphous Ge as Ge nuclei, thereby increasing its size (domain growth). These results indicate that Ge crystals can be grown at the interface of van der Waals materials, which will be important for future germanene growth at solid interfaces.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy

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