In Vivo Evaluation of Laser‐Induced Optical Breakdown (LIOBS) by 1064‐nm Nd:YAG Fractional Picosecond Laser With Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Precise Histopathologic Correlation

Author:

Rojas‐Orrego Maritza1ORCID,Carreño Nestor1,Feuerhake Teo2,Navarrete‐Dechent Cristian13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile

2. Department of Pathology, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile

3. Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjectivesPicosecond lasers with a microlens array can cause laser‐induced optical breakdown (LIOBS) and LIC (Intradermal laser‐induced cavitation) within high‐fluence areas. This study aimed to describe the clinical, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), histopathological findings, and the characteristics of vacuoles caused by LIOBS and LIC in individuals with skin types III and IV.Materials and MethodsThis study was performed on six Chilean healthy volunteers, males and females, aged 35–65 years old with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III–IV. The laser was applied in the inner proximal area of the nondominant arm. RCM evaluation was performed 24 h later; 48 h later, skin biopsies were performed on the laser‐treated areas. Clinical, histological, and RCM findings were recorded.ResultsEvery individual developed a 10 mm2 area of clinical erythema in the treated area. Under RCM, all six volunteers had hyporeflective spherical structures at the level of the epidermis, consistent with intraepidermal vacuoles. Histopathological evaluation revealed different sizes of vacuoles in both the epidermis and dermis.ConclusionThe LIOBS and LIC processes and the secondary production of vacuoles could be highly valuable for effective dermal remodeling treatment and aid in promoting the production of new collagen, elastic fibers, and growth factors that could improve skin texture. These structures were visible under RCM and histopathological evaluation.

Publisher

Wiley

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