A stochastic predator–prey model with distributed delay and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process: Characterization of stationary distribution, extinction, and probability density function

Abstract

As the evolution of species relies on not only the current state but also the past information, it is more reasonable and realistic to take delay into an ecological model. This paper deals with a stochastic predator–prey model that considers the distribution delay and assume that the intrinsic growth rate and the death rate in the model are governed by Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process to simulate the random factors in the environment. Based on the existence and uniqueness of the global solution to the model and the boundedness of the order moments of the solution, several conditions are established to analyze the survival of the species. Specifically, a criteria for the existence of the stationary distribution to the stochastic system is established by constructing some suitable Lyapunov functions. And the analytical expression of the probability density function of the model around the quasi‐equilibrium is obtained. Furthermore, the extinction of species in the model is also explored. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results obtained in this paper.