Sociodemographic and Healthcare System Barriers to PAP Alternatives for Adult OSA: A Scoping Review

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate sociodemographic and healthcare system barriers to access and utilization of alternative treatments to positive airway pressure (PAP) in the management of adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from 2003 to 2023 for English‐language studies containing original data on sociodemographic and healthcare system barriers to PAP‐alternative treatments for adult OSA.Review MethodsStudies were assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. Title and abstract screening, full‐text review, and data collection were conducted by two investigators independently.ResultsOut of 1,615 studies screened, 13 studies met inclusion criteria and reported on a total of 1,206,115 patients who received PAP alternative treatments, including surgery (n = 9 studies), and oral appliances (OAs) (n = 3 studies). The chance of receiving a PAP‐alternative treatment such as surgery was greater among patients aged 39 years or younger, had body mass index below 30 kg/m2, fewer comorbidities, private insurance, and a higher occupational and income status. The decision of individuals to receive PAP alternative treatments was influenced by increased patient education from providers, as well as improvements in daytime sleepiness and partner perception of snoring and apnea.ConclusionCumulative evidence suggests that several sociodemographic and healthcare system factors are associated with decreased use of PAP alternatives when PAP therapy fails. Investigation of interventions to eliminate these potential barriers may improve access and treatment outcomes. Laryngoscope, 134:3903–3909, 2024