Transparent Structures with a Fast De‐Stiffening Functionality

Abstract

The majority of natural organisms interact with their environments with a degree of mechanical adaptability that allows them to carry out a variety of tasks and adapt to changing circumstances. Human‐made structures, however, lack this versatility and are normally designed to fulfill a certain load‐carrying requirement. This causes limitations in performance, efficiency, and safety. The aim of this article is to present rapid de‐stiffening in the response of conventional structures, without compromising the load‐bearing capacity. This has been achieved by developing an active interface using an interconnected nanostructured metallic network. A very fast heating rate with an average of ≈45 °C s−1 under 4.8 V excitation while retaining transparency of 67% is demonstrated. The embedded metallic network in a thermoplastic matrix has been deployed as an active interface, in a conventional transparent multilayered structure. Upon activation, it provides a rapid (i.e., 2 s after activation) mechanical de‐stiffening capability. The results from finite element modeling have been found to be in good agreements with those from experiments. The rapid reversible stiffness tuning demonstrated here can be implemented in variety of multilayered structures with a wide range of applications in robotics, morphing and deployable structures, active damping, and active impact safety systems.