European Society of Cardiology quality indicators for the care and outcomes of adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology

Author:

Aktaa Suleman123ORCID,Gale Chris P.123,Brida Margarita45,Giannakoulas George6,Kovacs Gabor7,Adir Yochai8,Benza Raymond L.9,Böhm Michael10,Coats Andrew11,D'Alto Michele12,Escribano‐Subias Pilar13,Ferrari Pisana14,Galiè Nazzareno1516,Gibbs J. Simon R.17,Gin‐Sing Wendy18,Hoeper Marius M.1920,Humbert Marc21,Lang Irene M.22,Maron Bradley A.23,Meszaros Gergely24,Vonk Noordegraaf Anton2526,Price Laura C.2728,Pepke‐Zaba Joanna29,Rådegran Göran3031,Reis Abilio3233,Sitbon Olivier21,Torbicki Adam34,Ulrich Silvia35,Rosenkranz Stephan36,Delcroix Marion3738

Affiliation:

1. Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK

2. Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK

3. Department of Cardiology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK

4. Department of Medical Rehabilitation Medical Faculty University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia

5. Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Trust London UK

6. Cardiology Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital Thessaloniki Greece

7. Department of Pulmonology University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz Austria

8. Pulmonary Division, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

9. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

10. Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University Homburg Germany

11. University of Warwick Coventry UK

12. Department of Cardiology University “L. Vanvitelli” ‐ Monaldi Hospital Naples Italy

13. Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Department of Cardiology, CIBER‐CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain

14. AIPI, Associazione Ipertensione Polmonare Italiana (Italian Pulmonary Hypertension Association) Padua Italy

15. Cardiology Unit IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Bologna Italy

16. Dipartimento DIMES University of Bologna Bologna Italy

17. National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK

18. Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK

19. Department of Respiratory Medicine Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany

20. German Centre of Lung Research, DZL Hannover Germany

21. Université Paris–Saclay, INSERM UMR_S 999, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires Hôpital Bicêtre Le Kremlin Bicêtre France

22. Division of Cardiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

23. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

24. European Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA Europe) Vienna Austria

25. Department of Pulmonary Medicine Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

26. Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis Amsterdam The Netherlands

27. National Pulmonary Hypertension Service Royal Brompton Hospital London UK

28. Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer Imperial College London London UK

29. Royal Papworth Hospital Cambridge University Hospital Cambridge UK

30. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology Lund University Lund Sweden

31. Hemodynamic Lab, Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO. Heart and Lung Medicine Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden

32. Department of Medicine, PVDU Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto) Porto Portugal

33. Department of Cardiovascular Research, UMIB ‐ Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS ‐ School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal

34. Department of Pulmonary Circulation, Thromboembolic Diseases and Cardiology Center for Postgraduate Medical Education, ECZ‐Otwock Otwock Poland

35. Department of Pulmonology University and University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

36. Department of Cardiology Heart Center at the University of Cologne, and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) Cologne Germany

37. Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases University Hospitals of Leuven Leuven Belgium

38. Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA) KU Leuven ‐ University of Leuven Leuven Belgium

Abstract

AimsTo develop a suite of quality indicators (QIs) for the evaluation of the care and outcomes for adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Methods and resultsWe followed the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) methodology for the development of QIs. This included (i) the identification of key domains of care for the management of PAH, (ii) the proposal of candidate QIs following systematic review of the literature, and (iii) the selection of a set of QIs using a modified Delphi method. The process was undertaken in parallel with the writing of the 2022 ESC/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension and involved the Task Force chairs, experts in PAH, Heart Failure Association (HFA) members and patient representatives. We identified five domains of care for patients with PAH: structural framework, diagnosis and risk stratification, initial treatment, follow‐up, and outcomes. In total, 23 main and one secondary QIs for PAH were selected.ConclusionThis document presents the ESC QIs for PAH, describes their development process and offers scientific rationale for their selection. The indicators may be used to quantify and improve adherence to guideline‐recommended clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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