Food reward associations with motivational eating behavior traits and body mass index in Portuguese former elite athletes

Author:

Carraça Eliana V1ORCID,Nunes Catarina L2,Santos Inês3,Finlayson Graham4,Silva Analiza M2

Affiliation:

1. Centro de Investigação em Educação Física, Desporto, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES) Universidade Lusófona Lisboa Portugal

2. Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal

3. Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal

4. Appetite Control Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology University of Leeds Leeds UK

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUNDMotivational eating behavior traits (i.e. eating motivations and intuitive eating) have an important role in body weight regulation, as do food reward processes. Their associations might help explain different responses to food stimulus in the current environment but have never been explored. This study's primary goal was to investigate food reward associations with eating motivations, intuitive eating dimensions and body mass index in former Portuguese elite athletes with overweight/obesity. As a first step, a cultural adaptation of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) was created and validated in an online‐surveyed Portuguese sample.RESULTSStep 1: Analysis from an online survey (N = 348; 69.8% female) conducted to validate the food images from the cultural adaptation of the LFPQ showed that most food images were properly recognized in terms of their fat and sweet content by the Portuguese population, except for some savory items. Step 2: Regarding our primary analysis in 94 former elite athletes with overweight/obesity, self‐determined motivations to regulate eating and (to a lower extent) more body–food congruent choices (both markers for healthier eating behaviors) were associated with more favorable food reward outcomes, as opposed to non‐self‐determined motivations. Less emotional (more intuitive) eaters presented higher implicit wanting for low‐fat sweet foods compared to more emotional eaters.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest LFPQ usefulness to evaluate food preferences and detect relevant associations between food reward and motivational eating behavior traits in former elite athletes with overweight/obesity. Health professionals are encouraged to create need‐supportive environments that foster self‐determined motivations and help individuals make healthier food choices. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Agronomy and Crop Science,Food Science,Biotechnology

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