Affiliation:
1. Department of Botany, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
2. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
3. Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionThe genus Salvia L., a member of the family Lamiaceae, is a keystone genus with a wide range of medicinal properties. It possesses a rich metabolite source that has long been used to treat different disorders.ObjectivesDue to a deficiency of untargeted metabolomic profiling in the genus Salvia, this work attempts to investigate a comprehensive mass spectral library matching, computational data annotations, exclusive biomarkers, specific chemotypes, intraspecific metabolite profile variation, and metabolite enrichment by a case study of five medicinal species of Salvia.Material and methodsAerial parts of each species were subjected to QTRAP liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis workflow based on untargeted metabolites. A comprehensive and multivariate analysis was acquired on the metabolite dataset utilizing MetaboAnalyst 6.0 and the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) Web Platform.ResultsThe untargeted approach empowered the identification of 117 metabolites by library matching and 92 nodes annotated by automated matching. A machine learning algorithm as substructural topic modeling, MS2LDA, was further implemented to explore the metabolite substructures, resulting in four Mass2Motifs. The automated library newly discovered a total of 23 metabolites. In addition, 87 verified biomarkers of library matching, 58 biomarkers of GNPS annotations, and 11 specific chemotypes were screened.ConclusionIntegrative spectral library matching and automated annotation by the GNPS platform provide comprehensive metabolite profiling through a workflow. In addition, QTRAP LC–MS/MS with multivariate analysis unveiled reliable information about inter and intraspecific levels of differentiation. The rigorous investigation of metabolite profiling presents a large‐scale overview and new insights for chemotaxonomy and pharmaceutical studies.