Large‐scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries during neurodevelopment: Associations with age and sex in 4265 children and adolescents

Author:

Kurth F.12ORCID,Schijven D.3,van den Heuvel O. A.4,Hoogman M.567ORCID,van Rooij D.8,Stein D. J.9,Buitelaar J. K.710,Bölte S.1112,Auzias G.13,Kushki A.14,Venkatasubramanian G.1516,Rubia K.17ORCID,Bollmann S.18,Isaksson J.1119,Jaspers‐Fayer F.20,Marsh R.21,Batistuzzo M. C.2223,Arnold P. D.24,Bressan R. A.2526,Stewart S. E.27,Gruner P.28,Sorensen L.29,Pan P. M.3031,Silk T. J.3233,Gur R. C.34,Cubillo A. I.35,Haavik J.3637,O'Gorman Tuura R. L.38,Hartman C. A.39,Calvo R.40414243,McGrath J.44,Calderoni S.4546,Jackowski A.4748,Chantiluke K. C.17,Satterthwaite T. D.495051,Busatto G. F.52,Nigg J. T.53,Gur R. E.54,Retico A.55ORCID,Tosetti M.45,Gallagher L.44565758,Szeszko P. R.596061,Neufeld J.1162,Ortiz A. E.4043,Ghisleni C.38,Lazaro L.40414243,Hoekstra P. J.63,Anagnostou E.64,Hoekstra L.656667,Simpson B.68,Plessen J. K.69,Deruelle C.13,Soreni N.7071,James A.72,Narayanaswamy J.15,Reddy J. Y.15,Fitzgerald J.73ORCID,Bellgrove M. A.74,Salum G. A.7576,Janssen J.77,Muratori F.45,Vila M.40,Giral M. Garcia40,Ameis S. H.7879,Bosco P.45,Remnélius K. Lundin11,Huyser C.8081,Pariente J. C.82,Jalbrzikowski M.8384,Rosa P. G.85,O'Hearn K. M.86,Ehrlich S.87,Mollon J.88,Zugman A.89ORCID,Christakou A.3590,Arango C.91,Fisher S. E.37,Kong X.9293,Franke B.567,Medland S. E.94ORCID,Thomopoulos S. I.95ORCID,Jahanshad N.95,Glahn D. C.8496,Thompson P. M.95,Francks C.367ORCID,Luders E.1629798

Affiliation:

1. School of Psychology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand

2. Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital Jena Germany

3. Language and Genetics Department Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen The Netherlands

4. Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands

5. Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands

6. Department of Human Genetics Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands

7. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands

8. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands

9. SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa

10. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands

11. Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm Stockholm Sweden

12. Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Australia

13. Institut de neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289, Aix‐Marseille Université & CNRS Marseille France

14. Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Institute for Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada

15. National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bengaluru India

16. Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada

17. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK

18. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

19. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

20. BC Children's Research Institute and the University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

21. Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute New York New York USA

22. Department & Institute of Psychiatry University of Sao Paulo, Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil

23. Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology Pontifical Catholic University Sao Paulo Brazil

24. The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Canada

25. Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

26. Instituto Ame Sua Mente São Paulo Brazil

27. British Columbia Children's Hospital, British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

28. Department of Psychiatry Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA

29. Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway

30. Laboratório de Neurociências Integrativas (LINC), Departamento de Psiquiatria Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) São Paulo Brazil

31. Instituto Nacional de siquiatria do Desenvolvimento (INPD) São Paulo Brazil

32. Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia

33. Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia

34. Department of Psychiatry, Section on Neurodevelopment and Psychosis and the Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

35. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK

36. Department of Biomedicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway

37. Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

38. Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

39. Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands

40. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience Institute Hospital Clinic Barcelona Spain

41. School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

42. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Barcelona Spain

43. Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain

44. Department of Psychiatry Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

45. IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation Pisa Italy

46. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy

47. Department of Psychiatry UNIFESP São Paulo Brazil

48. Department of Education ICT and Learning, Østfold University College Halden Norway

49. Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

50. Lifespan Brain Institute University of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

51. Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

52. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

53. Department of Psychiatry and Center for ADHD Research Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA

54. Department of Psychiatry, The Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

55. Pisa Division National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) Pisa Italy

56. The Hospital for Sick children Toronto Canada

57. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Toronto Canada

58. Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Canada

59. Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA

60. Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA

61. Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) James J. Peters VA Medical Center New York New York USA

62. Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS) Uppsala Sweden

63. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Accare Child Study Center University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands

64. Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Temetry School of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada

65. Karakter University Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Nijmegen The Netherlands

66. Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging Nijmegen The Netherlands

67. Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands

68. New York State Psychiatric Institute/CUIMC New York New York USA

69. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry University Hospital Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

70. Pediatric OCD Consultation Clinic SJH Hamilton Canada

71. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences and Offord Child Studies McMaster University Hamilton Canada

72. Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK

73. Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

74. School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health Monash University Melbourne Australia

75. Graduate Program of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil

76. Child Mind Institute New York New York USA

77. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM Madrid Spain

78. Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Canada

79. Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Canada

80. Academic Center Child and Youth Psychiatry Levvel Amsterdam The Netherlands

81. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry AmsterdamUMC Amsterdam The Netherlands

82. Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain

83. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

84. Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

85. Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

86. Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA

87. Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences & Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden Dresden Germany

88. Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

89. National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda Maryland USA

90. Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading Reading UK

91. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM Madrid Spain

92. Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

93. Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China

94. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Australia

95. Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Marina del Rey California USA

96. Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

97. Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

98. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA

Abstract

AbstractOnly a small number of studies have assessed structural differences between the two hemispheres during childhood and adolescence. However, the existing findings lack consistency or are restricted to a particular brain region, a specific brain feature, or a relatively narrow age range. Here, we investigated associations between brain asymmetry and age as well as sex in one of the largest pediatric samples to date (n = 4265), aged 1–18 years, scanned at 69 sites participating in the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis) consortium. Our study revealed that significant brain asymmetries already exist in childhood, but their magnitude and direction depend on the brain region examined and the morphometric measurement used (cortical volume or thickness, regional surface area, or subcortical volume). With respect to effects of age, some asymmetries became weaker over time while others became stronger; sometimes they even reversed direction. With respect to sex differences, the total number of regions exhibiting significant asymmetries was larger in females than in males, while the total number of measurements indicating significant asymmetries was larger in males (as we obtained more than one measurement per cortical region). The magnitude of the significant asymmetries was also greater in males. However, effect sizes for both age effects and sex differences were small. Taken together, these findings suggest that cerebral asymmetries are an inherent organizational pattern of the brain that manifests early in life. Overall, brain asymmetry appears to be relatively stable throughout childhood and adolescence, with some differential effects in males and females.

Publisher

Wiley

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