1. Hakai Institute; Calvert Island BC Canada
2. Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
3. Department of Biology; Centre for Shellfish Research; Vancouver Island University; Nanaimo BC Canada
4. Pacific Region Pacific Biological Station; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Nanaimo BC Canada
5. Centro de Estudos do Mar; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Pontal do Paraná Paraná Brazil
6. Ecosystem Science and Management Program; University of Northern British Columbia; Prince George BC Canada