The LIN28B–let‐7–PBK pathway is essential for group 3 medulloblastoma tumor growth and survival

Abstract

Children with Group 3 medulloblastoma (G3 MB) have a very poor prognosis, and many do not survive beyond 5 years after diagnosis. A factor that may contribute to this is the lack of available targeted therapy. Expression of protein lin‐28 homolog B (LIN28B), a regulator of developmental timing, is upregulated in several cancers, including G3 MB, and is associated with worse survival in this disease. Here, we investigate the role of the LIN28B pathway in G3 MB and demonstrate that the LIN28B–lethal‐7 (let‐7; a microRNA that is a tumor suppressor)–lymphokine‐activated killer T‐cell‐originated protein kinase (PBK; also known as PDZ‐binding kinase) axis promotes G3 MB proliferation. LIN28B knockdown in G3‐MB‐patient‐derived cell lines leads to a significant reduction in cell viability and proliferation in vitro and in prolonged survival of mice with orthotopic tumors. The LIN28 inhibitor N‐methyl‐N‐[3‐(3‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazin‐6‐yl)phenyl]acetamide (1632) significantly reduces G3 MB cell growth and demonstrates efficacy in reducing tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Inhibiting PBK using HI‐TOPK‐032 also results in a significant reduction in G3 MB cell viability and proliferation. Together, these results highlight a critical role for the LIN28B–let‐7–PBK pathway in G3 MB and provide preliminary preclinical results for drugs targeting this pathway.