Precision Cancer Medicine 2.0—Oncology in the postgenomic era

Abstract

Genomic medicine has transformed the lives of patients with cancer by enabling individualised and evidence‐based clinical decision‐making. Despite this progress, the implementation of precision cancer medicine is limited by its dependence on isolated biomarkers. The development of bulk and single‐cell multiomic technologies has revealed the enormous complexity of the cancer ecosystem. Beyond the cancer cell, the tumour microenvironment, macroenvironment and host factors, including the microbiome, profoundly influence the cancer phenotype, and accounting for these enhances the resolution of precision medicine. The advent of robust multiomic profiling and interpretable machine learning algorithms mark the dawn of a new postgenomic era of personalised cancer medicine. In Precision Cancer Medicine 2.0, high‐resolution personalised clinical decision‐making is informed by the comprehensive multiomic profiling of tumour and host, integrated using artificial intelligence.