Divergent trajectories of positive affect following maladaptive and non‐maladaptive exercise among individuals with binge‐spectrum eating disorders

Author:

Lampe Elizabeth W.12ORCID,Gorrell Sasha3ORCID,Smith Kathryn4,Payne‐Reichert Adam M.2,Juarascio Adrienne S.12,Manasse Stephanie M.2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

2. Center for Weight Eating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center) Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA

4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with eating disorders (EDs) often engage in maladaptive exercise (e.g., feeling driven, or to “compensate” for eating) which maintains eating pathology. Maladaptive exercise has been theorized to help individuals with EDs regulate emotions by enhancing positive affect (PA) and reducing negative affect (NA) associated with binge episodes and poor body image. However, no research has considered the presence of non‐maladaptive exercise or evaluated this theory in binge‐spectrum EDs.MethodsThis study evaluated affective trajectories pre‐ and post‐exercise and examined exercise type (maladaptive or non‐maladaptive) as a moderator. We recruited adults with binge‐spectrum EDs (N = 107; n = 84 endorsed exercise) to complete a 7‐ to 14‐day ecological momentary assessment protocol assessing NA (anxiety, guilt, and sadness), PA (excitement and cheerfulness), and exercise.ResultsThere was a significant quadratic trajectory of PA pre‐exercise, suggesting that the upward trajectory of PA leveled out as it moved closer to an exercise episode. Exercise type significantly moderated the cubic trajectory of PA post‐exercise, such that the upward trajectory of PA accelerated in the hours following non‐maladaptive exercise episodes while the downward trajectory of PA accelerated in the hours following maladaptive exercise episodes. No trajectories of NA demonstrated significant effects.ConclusionsPre‐exercise trajectories of PA may reflect positive expectancies around exercise. Post‐exercise trajectories of PA suggest that non‐maladaptive exercise promotes increased PA. Future research should evaluate when, and for whom, exercise serves to regulate affect and examine other momentary risk factors of exercise in EDs.Public SignificanceIndividuals with EDs often engage in maladaptive exercise (e.g., feeling driven, or to “compensate” for eating). Maladaptive exercise has been theorized to help individuals with EDs regulate emotions. This study evaluated affective trajectories pre‐ and post‐exercise and examined whether exercise type (maladaptive or non‐maladaptive) changed these trajectories. Pre‐exercise trajectories of PA may reflect positive expectancies around exercise. Post‐exercise trajectories of PA suggest that non‐maladaptive exercise promotes increased PA.

Funder

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

National Institute of Mental Health

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health

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