Ayahuasca: A review of historical, pharmacological, and therapeutic aspects

Author:

Ruffell Simon G. D.123,Crosland‐Wood Max14,Palmer Rob156,Netzband Nige1,Tsang WaiFung178,Weiss Brandon19,Gandy Sam1,Cowley‐Court Tessa23ORCID,Halman Andreas3,McHerron Diana2,Jong Angelina78,Kennedy Tom2ORCID,White Eleanor2,Perkins Daniel2310,Terhune Devin B.4,Sarris Jerome21112ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Onaya Science Iquitos Peru

2. Psychae Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia

3. School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

4. Psychology and Psychotherapy department Central and North West London NHS Trust London UK

5. School of Medicine University of Yale New Haven Connecticut USA

6. Department of Psychology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA

7. Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience South London and The Maudsley NHS Trust London UK

8. Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK

9. Division of Psychiatry Imperial College London London UK

10. Centre for Mental Health Swinburne University Melbourne Australia

11. NICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney University Sydney Australia

12. Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

Abstract

AbstractAyahuasca is a psychedelic plant brew originating from the Amazon rainforest. It is formed from two basic components, the Banisteriopsis caapi vine and a plant containing the potent psychedelic dimethyltryptamine (DMT), usually Psychotria viridis. Here we review the history of ayahuasca and describe recent work on its pharmacology, phenomenological responses, and clinical applications. There has been a significant increase in interest in ayahuasca since the turn of the millennium. Anecdotal evidence varies significantly, ranging from evangelical accounts to horror stories involving physical and psychological harm. The effects of the brew on personality and mental health outcomes are discussed in this review. Furthermore, phenomenological analyses of the ayahuasca experience are explored. Ayahuasca is a promising psychedelic agent that warrants greater empirical attention regarding its basic neurochemical mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic application.

Publisher

Wiley

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