Artificial Intelligence‐Enhanced Metasurfaces for Instantaneous Measurements of Dispersive Refractive Index

Author:

Badloe Trevon12ORCID,Yang Younghwan3,Lee Seokho3,Jeon Dongmin3,Youn Jaeseung3,Kim Dong Sung3,Rho Junsuk34567ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

2. Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Korea University Sejong 30019 Republic of Korea

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

4. Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

5. Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

6. POSCO‐POSTECH‐RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

7. National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

Abstract

AbstractMeasurements of the refractive index of liquids are in high demand in numerous fields such as agriculture, food and beverages, and medicine. However, conventional ellipsometric refractive index measurements are too expensive and labor‐intensive for consumer devices, while Abbe refractometry is limited to the measurement at a single wavelength. Here, a new approach is proposed using machine learning to unlock the potential of colorimetric metasurfaces for the real‐time measurement of the dispersive refractive index of liquids over the entire visible spectrum. The platform with a proof‐of‐concept experiment for measuring the concentration of glucose is further demonstrated, which holds a profound impact in non‐invasive medical sensing. High‐index‐dielectric metasurfaces are designed and fabricated, while their experimentally measured reflectance and reflected colors, through microscopy and a standard smartphone, are used to train deep‐learning models to provide measurements of the dispersive background refractive index with a resolution of ≈10−4, which is comparable to the known index as measured with ellipsometry. These results show the potential of enabling the unique optical properties of metasurfaces with machine learning to create a platform for the quick, simple, and high‐resolution measurement of the dispersive refractive index of liquids, without the need for highly specialized experts and optical procedures.

Publisher

Wiley

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