Revealing the MRI‐Contrast in Optically Cleared Brains

Abstract

AbstractThe current consensus holds that optically‐cleared specimens are unsuitable for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); exhibiting absence of contrast. Prior studies combined MRI with tissue‐clearing techniques relying on the latter's ability to eliminate lipids, thereby fostering the assumption that lipids constitute the primary source of ex vivo MRI‐contrast. Nevertheless, these findings contradict an extensive body of literature that underscores the contribution of other features to contrast. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether non‐delipidating clearing methods can produce MRI‐compatible specimens or whether MRI‐contrast can be re‐established. These limitations hinder the development of multimodal MRI‐light‐microscopy (LM) imaging approaches. This study assesses the relation between MRI‐contrast, and delipidation in optically‐cleared whole brains following different tissue‐clearing approaches. It is demonstrated that uDISCO and ECi‐brains are MRI‐compatible upon tissue rehydration, despite both methods’ substantial delipidating‐nature. It is also demonstrated that, whereas Scale‐clearing preserves most lipids, Scale‐cleared brain lack MRI‐contrast. Furthermore, MRI‐contrast is restored to lipid‐free CLARITY‐brains without introducing lipids. Our results thereby dissociate between the essentiality of lipids to MRI‐contrast. A tight association is found between tissue expansion, hyperhydration and loss of MRI‐contrast. These findings then enabled us to develop a multimodal MRI‐LM‐imaging approach, opening new avenues to bridge between the micro‐ and mesoscale for biomedical research and clinical applications.