Metavalent or Hypervalent Bonding: Is There a Chance for Reconciliation?

Author:

Wuttig Matthias123ORCID,Schön Carl‐Friedrich1,Kim Dasol1,Golub Pavlo4,Gatti Carlo5,Raty Jean‐Yves6,Kooi Bart J.7,Pendás Ángel Martín8,Arora Raagya9,Waghmare Umesh9

Affiliation:

1. I. Institute of Physics Physics of Novel Materials RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany

2. Jülich‐Aachen Research Alliance (JARA FIT and JARA HPC) RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany

3. Green IT (PGI 10) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Germany

4. Department of Theoretical Chemistry J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Dolejškova 2155/3 Prague 18223 Czech Republic

5. CNR‐SCITEC Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” sezione di via Golgi, via Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy

6. CESAM B5 Université de Liège Sart‐Tilman Liège B4000 Belgium

7. Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands

8. Departamento de Química Física y Analítica Julián Clavería 8 Oviedo 33006 Spain

9. Theoretical Sciences Unit School of Advanced Materials JNCASR Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India

Abstract

AbstractA family of solids including crystalline phase change materials such as GeTe and Sb2Te3, topological insulators like Bi2Se3, and halide perovskites such as CsPbI3 possesses an unconventional property portfolio that seems incompatible with ionic, metallic, or covalent bonding. Instead, evidence is found for a bonding mechanism characterized by half‐filled p‐bands and a competition between electron localization and delocalization. Different bonding concepts have recently been suggested based on quantum chemical bonding descriptors which either define the bonds in these solids as electron‐deficient (metavalent) or electron‐rich (hypervalent). This disagreement raises concerns about the accuracy of quantum–chemical bonding descriptors is showed. Here independent of the approach chosen, electron‐deficient bonds govern the materials mentioned above is showed. A detailed analysis of bonding in electron‐rich XeF2 and electron‐deficient GeTe shows that in both cases p‐electrons govern bonding, while s‐electrons only play a minor role. Yet, the properties of the electron‐deficient crystals are very different from molecular crystals of electron‐rich XeF2 or electron‐deficient B2H6. The unique properties of phase change materials and related solids can be attributed to an extended system of half‐filled bonds, providing further arguments as to why a distinct nomenclature such as metavalent bonding is adequate and appropriate for these solids.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Engineering,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous),General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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