Droplet Laplace valve‐enabled glaucoma implant for intraocular pressure management

Author:

Wang Yuyang123,Fang Zecong4ORCID,Li Sen45,Lin Kexin126,Zhang Zhifeng7,Chen Junyi89,Pan Tingrui12346ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Intelligent Medical Equipment and Devices (iMED), Institute for Innovative Medical Devices University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

2. Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou China

3. Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

4. Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center (BSIC), Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China

5. School of Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China

6. School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

7. Engineering Science and Mechanics Department Penn State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

8. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China

9. NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University) Shanghai China

Abstract

AbstractGlaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is closely linked to aqueous overaccumulation and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). For refractory glaucoma, aqueous shunts with valves are commonly implanted for effective aqueous drainage control and IOP stabilization. However, existing valved glaucoma implants have the disadvantages of inconsistent valve opening/closing pressures, poor long‐term repeatability due to their reliance on moving parts, and complex architectures and fabrication processes. Here, we propose a novel valving concept, the droplet Laplace valve (DLV), a three‐dimensional printable moving‐parts‐free microvalve with customizable and consistent threshold valving pressures. The DLV uses a flow discretization unit governed by capillarity, comprising a droplet‐forming nozzle, and a separated reservoir to digitize continuous flow into quantifiable droplets. Unlike the classic one‐time‐use Laplace valves, the DLV's unique design allows for its reusability. The opening pressure is adjustable by varying the nozzle size, like the classic Laplace valves (following the Young–Laplace equation), while the closing pressure can be modified by tuning the separation distance and the reservoir size. Various DLVs with customizable opening pressures from 5 to 11 mmHg have been demonstrated, with opening/closing pressure differences suppressed down to <0.5 mmHg (<0.15 mmHg under the best conditions). Thanks to its moving‐parts‐free nature and digitized flow properties, the DLV shows a highly repeatable valving performance (<1.7%, 1000 cycles) and a predictable linear flow rate–pressure correlation (R2 > 0.99). Preliminary ex vivo validation in an enucleated porcine eye confirms the DLV's efficiency in aqueous shunting and prompt IOP stabilization. The DLV technology holds great promise in glaucoma implants for IOP management and various microsystems for flow control.

Publisher

Wiley

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