Gastrodin synergistically increases migration of interleukin‐13 receptor α2 chimeric antigen receptor T cell to the brain against glioblastoma multiforme: A preclinical study

Abstract

AbstractTherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cells involves using reformative T lymphocytes that have three domains, antigen recognition, transmembrane, and costimulating to achieve the therapeutic purpose. CAR‐T therapy on malignant hematologic has been successful; however, its effectiveness in patients with solid tumors is still limited. Few studies exist confirming the efficacy of natural products on the function of CAR‐T cells. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of gastrodin (GAS) on CAR‐T cells that target interleukin‐13 receptor α2 antigen (IL‐13Rα2 CAR‐T) in the brain against glioblastoma multiforme. Migration of IL‐13Rα2 CAR‐T was evaluated using the Transwell assay. The effects of GAS on IL‐13Rα2 CAR‐T cells were assessed both in vitro and situ glioblastoma models. The cytoskeleton was stained with Fluorescein 5‐isothiocyanate (FITC)‐phalloidin. Cytokines expression in cells was determined by flow cytometry and ELISA assay. Western blotting was used to detect the S1P1 expression, and quantitative PCR assay was used to determine the IL‐13Rα2 gene level. GAS increased the migratory and destructive capacity of IL‐13Rα2 CAR‐T cells with no effect on cytokine release. By increasing the expression of S1P1, GAS encouraged the entry of CAR‐T cells into the brain and bone marrow. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes related to skeletal migration such as add2 and gng8 showed increased expression in GAS‐treated CAR‐T cells. We found that GAS synergistically improves the mobility of IL‐13Rα2 CAR‐T, enhancing their ability to recognize the tumor antigen of glioblastoma, which could be advantageous for the application of CAR‐T for the treatment of solid tumors.