Synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole hybrids as novel α‐glucosidase inhibitors by in situ azidation/click assembly

Abstract

Abstractα‐Glucosidase inhibition is widely used in the oral management of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. In this respect, a series of 1,2,3‐triazole‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole hybrids 7a–j were synthesized, inspired by a copper‐catalyzed one‐pot azidation/click assembly approach. All the synthesized hybrids were screened for inhibition of the α‐glucosidase enzyme, displaying IC50 values ranging from 63.35 ± 0.72 to 613.57 ± 1.98 μM, as compared to acarbose (reference) with IC50 of 844.81 ± 0.53 μM. The hybrids 7h and 7e with 3‐nitro and 4‐methoxy substituents at the phenyl ring of the thiadiazole moiety were the best active hybrids of this series with IC50 values of 63.35 ± 0.72 μM, and 67.61 ± 0.64 μM, respectively. Enzyme kinetics analysis of these compounds revealed a mixed mode of inhibition. Moreover, molecular docking studies were also performed to gain insights into the structure–activity‐relationships of the potent compounds and their corresponding analogs.