Antibody density on bacteria regulates C1q recruitment by monoclonal IgG but not IgM

Author:

Aymerich Nathan1,Schlotheuber Luca J.2,Bucheli Olivia T. M.2,Portmann Kevin2,Baudry Jean1,Eyer Klaus23ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), ESPCI Paris PSL Research University, CNRS UMR8231 Chimie Biologie Innovation Paris France

2. Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland

3. Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Abstract

AbstractAntibodies that trigger the complement system play a pivotal role in the immune defense against pathogenic bacteria and offer potential therapeutic avenues for combating antibiotic‐resistant bacterial infections, a rising global concern. To gain a deeper understanding of the key parameters regulating complement activation by monoclonal antibodies, we developed a novel bioassay for quantifying classical complement activation at the monoclonal antibody level, and employed this assay to characterize rare complement‐activating antibacterial antibodies on the single‐antibody level in postimmunization murine antibody repertoires. We characterized monoclonal antibodies from various antibody isotypes against specific pathogenic bacteria (Bordetella pertussis and Neisseria meningitidis) to broaden the scope of our findings. We demonstrated activation of the classical pathway by individual IgM‐ and IgG‐secreting cells, that is, monoclonal IgM and IgG2a/2b/3 subclasses. Additionally, we could observe different epitope density requirements for efficient C1q binding depending on antibody isotype, which is in agreement with previously proposed molecular mechanisms. In short, we found that antibody density most crucially regulated C1q recruitment by monoclonal IgG isotypes, but not IgM isotypes. This study provides additional insights into important parameters for classical complement initiation by monoclonal antibodies, a knowledge that might inform antibody screening and vaccination efforts.

Funder

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

H2020 European Research Council

Publisher

Wiley

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