Safety and outcomes with efgartigimod use for acetylcholine receptor‐positive generalized myasthenia gravis in clinical practice

Abstract

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMultiple novel therapies have been approved for patients with myasthenia gravis. Our aim is to describe the early experience of efgartigimod use in acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive generalized myasthenia gravis (AChR+ve gMG).MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study included AChR+ve gMG patients from five major neuromuscular centers who were treated with efgartigimod and had both pre‐ and post‐efgartigimod myasthenia gravis activities of daily living (MG‐ADL) scores. Information regarding MG history, concomitant treatment(s), MG‐ADL and other MG‐specific measures, laboratory data, and adverse events were recorded.ResultsA total of 37 patients (M:23, F:14) with a mean age of 65.56 (±14.74) y were included in this cohort. A total of 36/37 patients completed at least one cycle and 28 patients completed at least two cycles of efgartigimod. A total of 72% (26/36) of patients had a clinically meaningful reduction (≥2 point change) in MG‐ADL after the completion of the first cycle of efgartigimod (mean pre‐efgartigimod 8.02) (±3.09) versus post‐efgartigimod 4.33 (±3.62). Twenty‐five percent (9/36) achieved minimal symptom expression status after one cycle and 25% (7/28) after the second cycle. Treatment benefit was sustained after cycle 2. Three out of four patients with thymoma in this cohort had clinically significant reductions in MG‐ADL scores. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels decreased by about 60% (n = 10). One patient had a relapse of Clostridium difficile infection resulting in the discontinuation of therapy. Four patients had mild side effects.DiscussionEfgartigimod led to clinically meaningful improvement in MG‐ADL in diverse AChR+ve gMG patients but treatment frequency to achieve optimal symptom control needs to be explored.