Perception–Action Integration Is Altered in Functional Movement Disorders

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAlthough functional neurological movement disorders (FMD) are characterized by motor symptoms, sensory processing has also been shown to be disturbed. However, how the integration of perception and motor processes, essential for the control of goal‐directed behavior, is altered in patients with FMD is less clear. A detailed investigation of these processes is crucial to foster a better understanding of the pathophysiology of FMD and can systematically be achieved in the framework of the theory of event coding (TEC).ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate perception–action integration processes on a behavioral and neurophysiological level in patients with FMD.MethodsA total of 21 patients and 21 controls were investigated with a TEC‐related task, including concomitant electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. We focused on EEG correlates established to reflect perception–action integration processes. Temporal decomposition allowed to distinguish between EEG codes reflecting sensory (S‐cluster), motor (R‐cluster), and integrated sensory–motor processing (C‐cluster). We also applied source localization analyses.ResultsBehaviorally, patients revealed stronger binding between perception and action, as evidenced by difficulties in reconfiguring previously established stimulus–response associations. Such hyperbinding was paralleled by a modulation of neuronal activity clusters, including reduced C‐cluster modulations of the inferior parietal cortex and altered R‐cluster modulations in the inferior frontal gyrus. Correlations of these modulations with symptom severity were also evident.ConclusionsOur study shows that FMD is characterized by altered integration of sensory information with motor processes. Relations between clinical severity and both behavioral performance and neurophysiological abnormalities indicate that perception–action integration processes are central and a promising concept for the understanding of FMD. © 2023 The Authors.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.