Effect of Lipid‐Lowering Drugs on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Dyslipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

The effects of lipid‐lowering drugs (LLDs) on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dyslipidemia are not completely understood. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effect of LLDs on end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and mortality in adult patients with CKD stage 3b, 4, or 5, and dyslipidemia. Participants were recruited between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2018, and classified as LLD or non‐LLD users; the final follow‐up date was December 31, 2020. The primary outcome was time to ESKD or death due to renal failure. Sub‐distribution hazard regression models adjusted for multivariables, including time‐varying lipid profile covariates, were used for the analysis. Among the 6,740 participants, 4,280 patients with CKD and dyslipidemia, including 872 using LLDs and 3,408 not using LLDs, completed the primary analysis. The multivariable analyses showed that LLD users had a significantly lower risk of time to the composite renal outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–0.89), and MACE incidence (aHR, 0.75, 95% CI, 0.62–0.93) than did non‐LLD users. After adjusting for time‐varying covariates of the lipid profile, there was a significant difference in the composite renal outcome (aHR, 0.78, 95% CI, 0.65–0.93) and MACEs (aHR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.60–0.98). Among adult patients with advanced CKD and dyslipidemia, LLD users had a significantly lower risk of composite renal outcomes and MACEs than non‐LLD users. In addition to reducing lipid profile, the use of LLD is associated with renal and cardiovascular protective effects.