Creation and initial validation of a genetic counseling supervisory self‐efficacy scale

Author:

Spencer‐Hintze MacKenzie12,Wusik Katie1,Yager Geoffrey3,He Hua1,Caldwell Sarah4,Atzinger Carrie12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Human Genetics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA

2. Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA

3. College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA

4. Genetics, Baptist Health System‐Lexington Lexington Kentucky USA

Abstract

AbstractFieldwork supervision is the “signature pedagogy” for training genetic counseling students, ensuring that students have the experience necessary to become minimally competent genetic counselors. According to the National Society of Genetic Counselors 2022 Professional Status Survey, roughly 40% of genetic counselors serve as supervisors for genetic counseling graduate students. Despite fieldwork supervision being essential for training, there are currently no validated supervision skill assessment tools for genetic counseling fieldwork supervisors to use for professional development. While a self‐efficacy scale for genetic counselors currently exists, a comprehensive self‐efficacy scale for genetic counseling supervision skills does not. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a genetic counseling supervisory self‐efficacy scale (GCSSES). This study was comparative, quantitative, and cross‐sectional, with data collected via an online questionnaire which assessed supervision self‐efficacy (95 items), derived from 154 published GC supervision competencies, demographics (5), experience (9), and supervisory development (18), using the Psychotherapy Supervisory Development Scale (PSDS). A total of 119 board‐certified genetic counselors completed the survey. Factor analysis eliminated 40 items due to insufficient factor loading, and item‐item correlation eliminated one item with elevated inter‐item correlation, leaving 54 items on the finalized GCSSES. Exploratory factor analysis derived four GCSSES factors, which accounted for 65% of the variance in the scale: (a) Goal Setting, Feedback, and Evaluation; (b) Complex Aspects of Supervision; (c) Conflict Resolution; and (d) Working Alliance. Preliminary analyses show the GCSSES has high reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.99). Positive correlations between experience variables and supervisory self‐efficacy were identified. A 54 item GCSSES was developed by this study. The GCSSES may serve as a tool for genetic counseling supervisors and graduate programs to assess skills, monitor professional development, and target training. A genetic counseling supervisory self‐efficacy scale can also be used in future studies regarding training of genetic counseling supervisors.

Funder

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Genetics (clinical)

Reference34 articles.

1. ABGC. (n.d.).Finding a Certified Genetic Counselor. Retrieved February 7 2022 fromhttps://www.abgc.net/about‐genetic‐counseling/find‐a‐certified‐counselor.aspx/

2. Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling. (2019a).Practice Based Competencies. Retrieved from:https://www.gceducation.org/practice‐based‐competencies/

3. Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling. (2019b).Standards of Accreditation for Graduate Programs in Genetic Counseling. Retrieved from:https://www.gceducation.org/standards‐of‐accreditation/

4. American Psychological Association. (2014).Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology. Retrieved from:http://apa.org/about/policy/guidelines‐supervision.pdf

5. American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). (2013).COEGuidelines for an Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Experience – Level II. Retrieved from:https://www.aota.org/education/fieldwork/‐/media/7f01a105e1eb4e7b80d379ab42e3b6f4.ashx

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