Identification of a Biallelic Missense Variant in Gasdermin D (c.823G > C, p.Asp275His) in a Patient of Atypical Gorham‐Stout Disease in a Consanguineous Family

Abstract

ABSTRACTGorham–Stout disease (GSD), also called vanishing bone disease, is a rare osteolytic disease, frequently associated with lymphangiomatous tissue proliferation. The causative genetic background has not been noted except for a case with a somatic mutation in KRAS. However, in the present study, we encountered a case of GSD from a consanguineous family member. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) analysis focusing on rare recessive variants with zero homozygotes in population databases identified a homozygous missense variant (c.823G > C, p.Asp275His) in gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the patient and heterozygous in his unaffected brother. Because this variant affects the Asp275 residue that is involved in proteolytic cleavage by caspase‐11 (as well as ‐4 and ‐5) to generate an activating p30 fragment required for pyroptotic cell death and proinflammation, we confirmed the absence of this cleavage product in peripheral monocytic fractions from the patient. A recent study indicated that a shorter p20 fragment, generated by further cleavage at Asp88, has a cell‐autonomous function to suppress the maturation of osteoclasts to resorb bone matrix. Thus, the present study suggests for the first time the existence of hereditary GSD cases or novel GSD‐like diseases caused by GSDMD deficiency. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.