Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of renal cell carcinoma among women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Author:

Clasen Joanna L.1ORCID,Mabunda Rita1,Heath Alicia K.1ORCID,Kaaks Rudolf2,Katzke Verena2,Schulze Matthias B.34,Birukov Anna356,Tagliabue Giovanna7,Chiodini Paolo8,Tumino Rosario9,Milani Lorenzo10,Braaten Tonje11,Gram Inger12,Lukic Marko12ORCID,Luján‐Barroso Leila13,Rodriguez‐Barranco Miguel141516,Chirlaque María‐Dolores1617,Ardanaz Eva161819,Amiano Pilar162021,Manjer Jonas22ORCID,Huss Linnea2324ORCID,Ljungberg Börje25,Travis Ruth26,Smith‐Byrne Karl26,Gunter Marc27,Johansson Matthias27,Rinaldi Sabina27ORCID,Weiderpass Elisabete27ORCID,Riboli Elio1,Cross Amanda J.1,Muller David C.128

Affiliation:

1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Imperial College London London UK

2. Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany

3. German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke Nuthetal Germany

4. Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam Nuthetal Germany

5. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Muenchen‐Neuherberg Germany

6. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts United States

7. Cancer Registry Unit, Department of Research Milan Italy

8. Medical Statistics Unit University L. Vanvitelli Naples Italy

9. Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research (AIRE ‐ONLUS) Ragusa Italy

10. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy

11. Department of Community Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway

12. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway

13. Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO‐IDIBELL), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Unit of Nutrition and Cancer L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain

14. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) Granada Spain

15. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA Granada Spain

16. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain

17. Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia University Murcia Spain

18. Navarra Public Health Institute Pamplona Spain

19. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain

20. Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa San Sebastian Spain

21. Biodonostia Health Research Institute Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group San Sebastián Spain

22. Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden

23. Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden

24. Department of Surgery Helsingborg Hospital Helsingborg Sweden

25. Department of Surgical and perioperative sciences, Urology and Andrology Umeå University Sweden

26. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxford UK

27. International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France

28. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London London UK

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is twice as common among men compared with women, and hormonal factors have been suggested to partially explain this difference. There is currently little evidence on the roles of reproductive and hormonal risk factors in RCC aetiology.Materials & MethodsWe investigated associations of age at menarche and age at menopause, pregnancy‐related factors, hysterectomy and ovariectomy and exogenous hormone use with RCC risk among 298,042 women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.ResultsDuring 15 years of follow‐up, 438 RCC cases were identified. Parous women had higher rates of RCC compared with nulliparous women (HR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.18, 2.46), and women who were older at age of first pregnancy had lower rates of RCC (30 years + vs. <20 years HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34, 0.82). Additionally, we identified a positive association for hysterectomy (HR = 1.43 95% CI 1.09, 1.86) and bilateral ovariectomy (HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.13, 2.47), but not unilateral ovariectomy (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.61, 1.62) with RCC risk. No clear associations were found for age at menarche, age at menopause or exogenous hormone use.ConclusionOur results suggest that parity and reproductive organ surgeries may play a role in RCC aetiology.

Funder

Cancer Research UK

Imperial College London

NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Cancer Research,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging,Oncology

Reference27 articles.

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2. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer

3. Renal cell cancer histological subtype distribution differs by race and sex

4. Estrogen and Cancer

5. The role of pregnancy, perinatal factors and hormones in maternal cancer risk: a review of the evidence

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