An age‐period‐cohort approach to studying long‐term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992–2019)

Author:

Opazo Breton Magdalena1ORCID,Gray Laura A.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield Sheffield UK

2. Healthy Lifespan Institute University of Sheffield Sheffield UK

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to understand long‐term trends in obesity and overweight in England by estimating life‐course transitions as well as historical and birth cohort trends for both children and adults.MethodsData on individuals aged 5 to 85 years old from the Health Survey for England were used, covering the period 1992 to 2019 and birth cohorts born between 1909 and 2013. Individual BMI values were classified as healthy weight, overweight, or obesity. Trends were compared, and an age‐period‐cohort model was estimated using logistic regression and categorical age, period, and cohort groups.ResultsThere was significant variation in age trajectories by birth cohorts for healthy weight and obesity prevalence. The odds of having obesity compared with a healthy weight increased consistently with age, increased throughout the study period (but faster between 1992 and 2001), and were higher for birth cohorts born between 1989 and 2008. The odds of having overweight showed an inverted U‐shape among children, increased through adulthood, have been stable since 2012, and were considerably higher for the youngest birth cohort (2009–2013).ConclusionsYounger generations with higher overweight prevalence coupled with increasing obesity prevalence with age suggest that obesity should remain a high priority for public health policy makers in England.

Funder

Medical Research Council

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Endocrinology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Medicine (miscellaneous)

Reference44 articles.

1. NHS Digital.Health Survey for England 2019 [NS]. Updated January 13 2022. Accessed March 4 2022.https://digital.nhs.uk/data‐and‐information/publications/statistical/health‐survey‐for‐england/2019.

2. Childhood obesity trends from primary care electronic health records in England between 1994 and 2013: population-based cohort study

3. NHS Digital.National Child Measurement Programme England 2020/21 School Year. Updated July 17 2022. Accessed March 4 2022.https://digital.nhs.uk/data‐and‐information/publications/statistical/national‐child‐measurement‐programme/2020‐21‐school‐year.

4. NHS Digital.National Child Measurement Programme England Provisional 2021/22 School Year Outputs. Updated August 11 2022. Accessed July 22 2022.https://digital.nhs.uk/data‐and‐information/publications/statistical/national‐child‐measurement‐programme/england‐provisional‐2021‐22‐school‐year‐outputs/age

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