Affiliation:
1. Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
2. Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti Nigeria
3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences (CCNE) Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
Abstract
AbstractMetoprolol, a drug for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, has become a contaminant of emerging concern because of its frequent detection in various environmental matrices globally. The dwindling in the biodiversity of useful insects owing to increasing presence of environmental chemicals is currently a great interest to the scientific community. In the current research, the toxicological impact of ecologically relevant concentrations of metoprolol at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/L on Nauphoeta cinerea nymphs following exposure for 42 consecutive days was evaluated. The insects' behavior was analyzed with automated video‐tracking software (ANY‐maze, Stoelting Co, USA) while biochemical assays were done using the midgut, head and fat body. Metoprolol‐exposed nymphs exhibited significant diminutions in the path efficiency, mobility time, distance traveled, body rotation, maximum speed and turn angle cum more episodes, and time of freezing. In addition, the heat maps and track plots confirmed the metoprolol‐mediated wane in the exploratory and locomotor fitness of the insects. Compared with control, metoprolol exposure decreased acetylcholinesterase activity in insects head. Antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level were markedly decreased whereas indices of inflammation and oxidative injury to proteins and lipids were significantly increased in head, midgut and fat body of metoprolol‐exposed insects. Taken together, metoprolol exposure induces neurobehavioral insufficiency and oxido‐inflammatory injury in N. cinerea nymphs. These findings suggest the potential health effects of environmental contamination with metoprolol on ecologically and economically important nontarget insects.
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Toxicology,General Medicine