Effects of drinking water treatment residual amendments to biosolids on plant uptake of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Author:

Broadbent Emma1,Gravesen Caleb1,Choi Youn Jeong2,Lee Linda23,Wilson Patrick C.1ORCID,Judy Jonathan D.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Soil and Water Sciences Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

2. Department of Agronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA

3. Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Environmental and Ecological Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA

Abstract

AbstractDrinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs), solid by‐products of drinking water treatment, are dominated by calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), or aluminum (Al), depending on the coagulant used. DWTRs are often landfilled, but current research is exploring options for beneficial reuse. Previous studies have shown that Al‐ and Fe‐rich materials have potential to reduce the mobility of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Here, we investigated how amending biosolids with 5% wt/wt DWTRs affected plant bioavailable PFAS in two different simulated scenarios: (1) agricultural scenario with Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) grown in soil amended with an agronomically relevant rate of DWTR‐amended biosolids (0.9% w/w, resulting in 0.045% w/w DWTR in the biosolids‐amended soil) and (2) mine reclamation scenario examining PFAS uptake by Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) grown in soil that received DWTR‐amended biosolids amendment at a rate consistent with the mine remediation (13% w/w, resulting in 0.65% w/w DWTR in the biosolids‐amended soil). Amending biosolids with Ca‐DWTR significantly reduced perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) uptake in ryegrass and perfluorohexanoic acid uptake in tomatoes, possibly due to DWTR‐induced pH elevation, while Fe‐DWTR amendment reduced PFBA bioaccumulation in ryegrass. The Al‐DWTR did not induce a significant reduction in accumulated PFAS compared to controls. Although the reasons for this finding are unclear, the relatively low PFAS concentrations in the biosolids and relatively high Al content in the biosolids and soil may be partially responsible.

Funder

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Pollution,Waste Management and Disposal,Water Science and Technology,Environmental Engineering

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