Tin Oxide/Amphiphilic Polymer Double‐Layered Hole Transporter for High‐Efficiency Tin Perovskite Solar Modules

Abstract

AbstractAn exquisite, engineering of two poor hole transporting materials (HTMs, SnO, and PDTON) to form an excellent double‐layered HTL (SnO/PDTON) for inverted tin‐perovskite solar modules (TPSMs) is developed. SnO/PDTON has better photovoltaic performance than the commonly used PEDOT:PSS HTM when large‐area TPSMs are fabricated. Thermally evaporated SnO (that is a simple, available oxide with high hole mobility, good transparency, and adjustable frontier orbitals energy levels) film is used as a main hole transporting layer (HTL). Amphiphilic polymer PDTON (having the amine and ether groups on the side chains) film is used as a Co‐HTL, cross‐linker, passivator, and interface modification agent, as unveiled various physicochemical studies. Double‐layered SnO/PDTON with a flat morphology and good affinity toward perovskite precursor solution creates also a proper surface for depositing large‐area, high‐quality TPsk film. Therefore, TPSM (25.2 cm2 active area on 10 cm × 10 cm ITO substrate) based on double‐layered SnO/PDTON HTL achieving an efficiency over 10% with a negligible current hysteresis is reported for the first time. This study emphasizes not only the exquisite design of combining the specific characteristics of two prosaic HTMs to become a good double‐layered HTL but also gives a direction toward fabricating TPSMs to be applied in all‐perovskite tandem solar module.