Affiliation:
1. School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
2. Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808 P. R. China
3. School of Advanced Manufacturing Guangdong University of Technology Jieyang 522000 P. R. China
4. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
5. School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan Guangdong 523808 P. R. China
Abstract
AbstractAmong six‐electron Te conversion for energetic aqueous Zn batteries, the main capacity contributor, Te0/Te4+ redox usually causes substantial battery capacity/life discount due to its sluggish kinetics/poor reversibility. Herein, for the first time, an offense‐defense‐balanced strategy to simultaneously address the deficiencies is reported. Beyond previous proton‐ or reductant‐regulated solutions, this strategy efficaciously reconciles the pending capacity‐lifespan conflict. As a proof of concept, additive‐level nucleophilic chlorine ions (Cl−) and reductive glucose (Glu) in electrolytes are synergistically employed as “offensiver” and “defender” for Te0/Te4+ conversion, respectively. The Cl−/Glu co‐additive well inherits the nucleophilic motivation effect of Cl− on Te0/Te4+ conversion, and eliminates the formation of Cl−‐induced diffluent metastable phase (γ‐TeO2), enabling a deep and highly reversible Te0/Te4+ redox. Compared with co‐additive‐free electrolytes, the activation energy for Te conversion is lowered (61.4 vs. 52.8 kJ mol−1), and the shuttle of active materials is effectively inhibited. Consequently, Zn‖Te batteries deliver a volumetric capacity of approximately theoretical value (2409 mAh cm−3) at 0.2 A g−1, and a 15∼30‐fold longer lifespan than those in conventional electrolytes (over 5000 cycles with a decay of only 0.15‰ per cycle at 4 A g−1). This work opens a new avenue to develop other chalcogen conversion‐based aqueous Zn batteries.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province
Science and Technology Foundation of Shenzhen City
Subject
General Materials Science,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment