Influence of annealing‐induced phase separation on the shape memory effect of graphene‐based thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites

Author:

Valim Fernanda Cabrera Flores123,Oliveira Gustavo Peixoto1,de Paiva Lucilene Betega2,Amurin Leice Gonçalves4,Santillo Chiara5,Lavorgna Marino5,Andrade Ricardo Jorge Espanhol13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Mackgraphe‐Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute São Paulo Brazil

2. Institute for Technological Research (IPT)–Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Particle Technology, Group for Bionanomanufacturing (BIONANO) São Paulo Brazil

3. Engineering School Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo Brazil

4. Center of Technology in Nanomaterials (CTNano) Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brazil

5. Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials National Research Council of Italy (IPCB‐CNR) Portici Italy

Abstract

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a multiblock copolymer that exhibits an attractive shape memory effect (SME). Its morphology consists of a soft segment (SS), which corresponds to the polyol or a long‐chain diol, while the hard segment involves the intercalation of a diisocyanate and a chain extender. Due to the distinct thermodynamic parameters of each monomer, these segments are not miscible with each other, resulting in a phase‐separated structure in their morphology. This structure is characterized by the formation of soft and hard domains (SD and HD), respectively. When incorporating 0.1 wt% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) or 0.1 wt% of multilayer graphene oxide (mGO) into the TPU matrix using solution casting process, a contribution to the phase separation of these domains is observed. This phenomenon becomes even more pronounced when graphene‐based nanocomposites are subjected to annealing at 110°C for 24 hours, indicating a good interaction between the GO and GNP with the HD and SS, respectively. After annealing, the nanocomposites (TPU + GNP and TPU + mGO) exhibit improved performance in SME, as evidenced by an approximately 9% increase in the shape recovery ratio compared to the nonannealed TPU. Additionally, all nanocomposites maintained a high strain during SME programming, surpassing that of pure TPU, both before and after annealing. This suggests a direct influence of the graphene‐based nanoparticles on the shape memory effect.

Funder

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Materials Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,Surfaces, Coatings and Films,General Chemistry

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