Pre‐isolation Molecular Screening for High‐throughput Sampling and Sequencing of Bacterial Microbes from the Environment

Abstract

AbstractEnvironmental studies often require culture and characterization to understand the prevalence, distribution, persistence and functions of target microorganisms in ecological habitats. Isolating pure microbiological monocultures allows the phenotypic characterization of microorganisms to study their functional properties. For efficient isolation of low‐prevalence organisms, enrichment followed by PCR screening is performed to identify positive samples for subsequent culture. Molecular characterization, strain‐typing, and genotyping of isolated microorganisms is best comprehensively performed using whole‐genome sequencing. This article outlines end‐to‐end protocols for screening, isolation, and sequencing of microbes from environmental samples. We provide systematic methods for environmental study design, enrichment, screening, and isolation of target microorganisms. Species identification is performed using qPCR or MALDI‐TOF MS. Genomic DNA is extracted for whole‐genome sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore platform. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Designing and conducting an environmental soil sampling studyBasic Protocol 2: Enrichment of microbes from environmental soil samplesAlternate Protocol 1: Collection and enrichment of microbes from environmental water samplesBasic Protocol 3: Screening of enriched samples by direct qPCRBasic Protocol 4: Enumeration and isolation of enriched samples using selective mediumBasic Protocol 5: Species confirmation using colony qPCRAlternate Protocol 2: Species identification using a MALDI‐TOF MS BiotyperAlternate Protocol 3: Species identification of bacterial isolates using universal PCR primers and Sanger sequencingBasic Protocol 6: Cryostorage of bacterial isolatesBasic Protocol 7: Extraction of genomic DNABasic Protocol 8: Quality check of extracted genomic DNABasic Protocol 9: Whole‐genome sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore MinION Platform