Therapeutic Efficacy of Nasal Corticosteroids in COVID‐19‐Related Olfactory Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveOlfactory disturbance is one of the main symptoms of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). Various olfactory disorders caused by viral infections are treated with nasal corticosteroids. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nasal corticosteroids in the treatment of olfactory disorders caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Data SourcesWe searched the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases for clinical trials of nasal corticosteroids for treating COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction.Review MethodsWe assessed the effect of nasal corticosteroids on olfactory function in COVID‐19‐affected individuals using a Meta‐analysis of published studies, considering the number of patients who fully recovered from olfactory dysfunction, olfactory scores following treatment, and olfactory recovery time.ResultsSeven studies involving 930 patients were analyzed. The Meta‐analysis results revealed that the olfactory score of the experimental group was 1.40 points higher than that of the control group (standardized mean difference [MD]: 1.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.34‐2.47, P < .00001). However, the differences in the outcomes of cure rate (risk ratio: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.89‐1.69, P = .21) and recovery time (MD: −1.78, 95% CI: −7.36 to 3.81, P = .53) were not statistically significant. Only 1 study reported adverse effects of nasal steroid treatment, namely tension, anger, and stomach irritation.ConclusionAlthough nasal steroid therapy does not result in significant adverse effects, it proves ineffective in the treatment of COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction.