Accelerated sonosynthesis of chromeno[4,3‐b]quinoline derivatives via marine‐bioinspired tin oxide nanocatalyst

Abstract

Green nanocatalysts play a crucial role in organic synthesis. In this study, a novel approach utilizing marine diatom extract is presented for the production of tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs). These NPs possess distinctive characteristics, including crystalline properties, a spherical shape, and an average size of 20 ± 2 nm. The reduction and surface coating of the NPs involve organic components derived from marine sources. The resulting SnO2 NPs serve as highly effective catalysts for the synthesis of chromeno[4,3‐b]quinoline derivatives, facilitated by ultrasound‐assisted reactions. This process demonstrates remarkable efficiency, yielding a variety of organic products with impressive results, reaching yields of 82–97% and requiring short reaction times. Moreover, the SnO2 nanocatalyst employed exhibits advantageous properties, such as low loading, durability, and the ability to be reused up to six cycles.