1. The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
2. Department of General Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
3. Safe Surgery Program, Ariadne Labs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
4. Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
5. Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
6. Healthcare Quality and Strategy, The Scottish Government, Edinburgh, UK
7. Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
8. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
9. Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
10. Scottish Mortality and Morbidity Programme, Healthcare Improvement Scotland, Edinburgh, UK