Impact of theta transcranial alternating current stimulation on language production in adult classic galactosemia patients

Author:

Derks Britt1234,Kumar Varsha Shashi56,Yadnik Sai56,Panis Bianca14,Bosch Annet M.789,Cassiman David10,Janssen Mirian C. H.11,Schuhmann Teresa56,Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela134,Jansma Bernadette M.56ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics Maastricht University Medical Centre+, MosaKids Children's Hospital Maastricht The Netherlands

2. Department Clinical Genetics Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht The Netherlands

3. GROW, Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands

4. European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN) Member and United for Metabolic Diseases Member Udine Italy

5. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands

6. Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands

7. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic Diseases Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands

8. Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism Amsterdam The Netherlands

9. Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands

10. Department of Gastroenterology‐Hepatology and Adult Metabolic Center University Hospital Leuven Leuven Belgium

11. Department of Internal Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands

Abstract

AbstractPatients with classic galactosemia (CG), an inborn error of galactose metabolism, suffer from impairments in cognition, including language processing. Potential causes are atypical brain oscillations. Recent electroencephalogram (EEG) showed differences in the P300 event‐related‐potential (ERP) and alterations in the alpha/theta‐range during speech planning. This study investigated whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at theta‐frequency compared to sham can cause a normalization of the ERP post stimulation and improves language performance. Eleven CG patients and fourteen healthy controls participated in two tACS‐sessions (theta 6.5 Hz/sham). They were engaged in an active language task, describing animated scenes at three moments, that is, pre/during/post stimulation. Pre and post stimulation, behavior (naming accuracy, voice‐onset‐times; VOT) and mean‐amplitudes of ERP were compared, by means of a P300 time‐window analysis and cluster‐based‐permutation testing during speech planning. The results showed that theta stimulation, not sham, significantly reduced naming error‐percentage in patients, not in controls. Theta did not systematically speed up naming beyond a general learning effect, which was larger for the patients. The EEG analysis revealed a significant pre‐post stimulation effect (P300/late positivity), in patients and during theta stimulation only. In conclusion, theta‐tACS improved accuracy in language performance in CG patients compared to controls and altered the P300 and late positive ERP‐amplitude, suggesting a lasting effect on neural oscillation and behavior.

Funder

Galactosemia Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

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