Mean Arterial Pressure and Cerebral Hemodynamics Across The Lifespan: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Human Connectome Project‐Aging

Abstract

BackgroundCerebral perfusion is directly affected by systemic blood pressure, which has been shown to be negatively correlated with cerebral blood flow (CBF). The impact of aging on these effects is not fully understood.PurposeTo determine whether the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral hemodynamics persists throughout the lifespan.Study TypeRetrospective, cross‐sectional study.PopulationSix hundred and sixty‐nine participants from the Human Connectome Project‐Aging ranging between 36 and 100+ years and without a major neurological disorder.Field Strength/SequenceImaging data was acquired at 3.0 Tesla using a 32‐channel head coil. CBF and arterial transit time (ATT) were measured by multi‐delay pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling.AssessmentThe relationships between cerebral hemodynamic parameters and MAP were evaluated globally in gray and white matter and regionally using surface‐based analysis in the whole group, separately within different age groups (young: <60 years; younger‐old: 60–79 years; oldest‐old: ≥80 years).Statistical TestsChi‐squared, Kruskal‐Wallis, ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and linear regression models. The general linear model setup in FreeSurfer was used for surface‐based analyses. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsGlobally, there was a significant negative correlation between MAP and CBF in both gray (ρ = −0.275) and white matter (ρ = −0.117). This association was most prominent in the younger‐old [gray matter CBF (β = −0.271); white matter CBF (β = −0.241)]. In surface‐based analyses, CBF exhibited a widespread significant negative association with MAP throughout the brain, whereas a limited number of regions showed significant prolongation in ATT with higher MAP. The associations between regional CBF and MAP in the younger‐old showed a different topographic pattern in comparison to young subjects.Data ConclusionThese observations further emphasize the importance of cardiovascular health in mid‐to‐late adulthood for healthy brain aging. The differences in the topographic pattern with aging indicate a spatially heterogeneous relationship between high blood pressure and CBF.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage3