Impulsivity, decision‐making, and risk behavior in bipolar disorder and major depression from bipolar multiplex families

Author:

Ramírez‐Martín Almudena1,Sirignano Lea2,Streit Fabian2,Foo Jerome C.2,Forstner Andreas J.34,Frank Josef2,Nöthen Markus M.3,Strohmaier Jana2,Witt Stephanie H.2,Mayoral‐Cleries Fermin1,Moreno‐Küstner Berta5,Rietschel Marcella2,Guzmán‐Parra Jose2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mental Health, University General Hospital of Malaga Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) Malaga Spain

2. Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany

3. School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn Bonn Germany

4. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1) Research Center Jülich Mannheim Germany

5. Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment University of Málaga Málaga Spain

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by specific alterations of mood. In both disorders, alterations in cognitive domains such as impulsivity, decision‐making, and risk‐taking have been reported. Identification of similarities and differences of these domains in BD and MDD could give further insight into their etiology. The present study assessed impulsivity, decision‐making, and risk‐taking behavior in BD and MDD patients from bipolar multiplex families.MethodsEighty‐two participants (BD type I, n = 25; MDD, n = 26; healthy relatives (HR), n = 17; and healthy controls (HC), n = 14) underwent diagnostic interviews and selected tests of a cognitive battery assessing neurocognitive performance across multiple subdomains including impulsivity (response inhibition and delay aversion), decision‐making, and risk behavior. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to analyze whether the groups differed in the respective cognitive domains.ResultsParticipants with BD and MDD showed higher impulsivity levels compared to HC; this difference was more pronounced in BD participants. BD participants also showed lower inhibitory control than MDD participants. Overall, suboptimal decision‐making was associated with both mood disorders (BD and MDD). In risk‐taking behavior, no significant impairment was found in any group.LimitationsAs sample size was limited, it is possible that differences between BD and MDD may have escaped detection due to lack of statistical power.ConclusionsOur findings show that alterations of cognitive domains—while present in both disorders—are differently associated with BD and MDD. This underscores the importance of assessing such domains in addition to mere diagnosis of mood disorders.

Funder

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Behavioral Neuroscience

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