Sex‐specific effects of environmental temperature during gestation on fluctuating asymmetry in deciduous teeth

Author:

Moes Emily12ORCID,Kuzawa Christopher W.34,Edgar Heather J. H.15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anthropology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA

2. Department of Physician Assistant Studies University of St. Francis Albuquerque New Mexico USA

3. Department of Anthropology Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA

4. Institute for Policy Research Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA

5. Office of the Medical Investigator University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesExternal environmental heat exposure during gestation impacts the physiology of human development in utero, but evidence for these impacts has not yet been explored in dentition. We examined deciduous teeth for fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of developmental instability, together with gestational environmental temperature data drawn from historical weather statistics.Materials and MethodsWe measured dental casts from the longitudinal Burlington Growth Study, representing 172 participants (ages 3–6 years) with health records. FA was calculated from crown dimensions and intercuspal distances that develop during gestation. Multiple regression separated by sex (nfemale = 81) examined the effects of mean temperatures in each trimester, controlling for birth year.ResultsIn females, increased temperatures during the first trimester are significantly associated with an increase in FA (p = 0.03), specifically during the second and third prenatal months (p = 0.03). There is no relationship between temperature and FA for either sex in the second or third trimesters, when enamel is formed.DiscussionDental instability may be sensitive to temperature in the first trimester in females during the scaffolding of crown shape and size in the earliest stages of tooth formation. Sexual dimorphism in growth investment strategies may explain the differences in results between males and females. Using enduring dental characteristics, these results advance our understanding of the effects of temperature on fetal physiology within a discrete period.

Funder

WGF

Publisher

Wiley

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