Non‐Invasive Tumor Grade Evaluation in Von Hippel–Lindau‐Associated Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Based Study

Abstract

BackgroundPathology grading is an essential step for the treatment and evaluation of the prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).PurposeTo investigate the utility of texture analysis in evaluating Fuhrman grades of renal tumors in patients with Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)‐associated ccRCC, aiming to improve non‐invasive diagnosis and personalized treatment.Study TypeRetrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained cohort.PopulationOne hundred and thirty‐six patients, 84 (61%) males and 52 (39%) females with pathology‐proven ccRCC with a mean age of 52.8 ± 12.7 from 2010 to 2023.Field Strength and Sequences1.5 and 3 T MRIs. Segmentations were performed on the T1‐weighted 3‐minute delayed sequence and then registered on pre‐contrast, T1‐weighted arterial and venous sequences.AssessmentA total of 404 lesions, 345 low‐grade tumors, and 59 high‐grade tumors were segmented using ITK‐SNAP on a T1‐weighted 3‐minute delayed sequence of MRI. Radiomics features were extracted from pre‐contrast, T1‐weighted arterial, venous, and delayed post‐contrast sequences. Preprocessing techniques were employed to address class imbalances. Features were then rescaled to normalize the numeric values. We developed a stacked model combining random forest and XGBoost to assess tumor grades using radiomics signatures.Statistical TestsThe model's performance was evaluated using positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, F1 score, area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve, and Matthews correlation coefficient. Using Monte Carlo technique, the average performance of 100 benchmarks of 85% train and 15% test was reported.ResultsThe best model displayed an accuracy of 0.79. For low‐grade tumor detection, a sensitivity of 0.79, a PPV of 0.95, and an F1 score of 0.86 were obtained. For high‐grade tumor detection, a sensitivity of 0.78, PPV of 0.39, and F1 score of 0.52 were reported.Data ConclusionRadiomics analysis shows promise in classifying pathology grades non‐invasively for patients with VHL‐associated ccRCC, potentially leading to better diagnosis and personalized treatment.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2