Sex‐specific analysis of the rapid up‐titration of guideline‐directed medical therapies after a hospitalization for acute heart failure: Insights from the STRONG‐HF trial

Abstract

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of rapid up‐titration of guideline‐directed medical therapies (GDMT) in men and women hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF).Methods and resultsIn STRONG‐HF, AHF patients were randomized just prior to discharge to either usual care (UC) or a high‐intensity care (HIC) strategy of GDMT up‐titration. In these analyses, we compared the implementation, efficacy, and safety of the HIC strategy between men and women. In the randomized AHF population, 416/1078 (39%) were women. By day 90, a higher proportion of both sexes in the HIC group had been up‐titrated to full doses of GDMT compared to UC. Overall, there were no differences in the primary endpoint between the sexes. The primary endpoint, 180‐day heart failure readmission or death, occurred in 15.8% HIC women versus 23.5% women in the UC group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–1.13) and in 14.9% HIC men versus 23.5% UC men (adjusted HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38–0.88) (adjusted interaction p = 0.65). There was no significant treatment‐by‐sex interaction in quality‐of‐life improvement or in adverse events, including serious or fatal adverse events.ConclusionThe results of the current analyses suggest that a rapid up‐titration of GDMT immediately after an AHF hospitalization can and should be implemented similarly in men and women, as it results in reduction of 180‐day all‐cause death or heart failure readmission, quality‐of‐life improvement in both men and women with a similar safety profile.