The role of microglial TREM2 in development: A path toward neurodegeneration?

Author:

Matteoli Michela12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Milan Italy

2. Neuro Center IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital Milan Italy

Abstract

AbstractThe nervous and the immune systems undergo a continuous cross talk, starting from early development and continuing throughout adulthood and aging. Defects in this cross talk contribute to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain that are primarily involved in this bidirectional communication. Among the microglial genes, trem2 is a key player, controlling the functional state of microglia and being at the forefront of many processes that require interaction between microglia and other brain components, such as neurons and oligodendrocytes. The present review focuses on the early developmental window, describing the early brain processes in which TREM2 is primarily involved, including the modulation of synapse formation and elimination, the control of neuronal bioenergetic states as well as the contribution to myelination processes and neuronal circuit formation. By causing imbalances during these early maturation phases, dysfunctional TREM2 may have a striking impact on the adult brain, making it a more sensitive target for insults occurring during adulthood and aging.

Funder

Ministry of Public Education

Fondazione Telethon

European Research Council

Ministero della Salute

Publisher

Wiley

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