Affiliation:
1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Aditya University Surampalem Andhra Pradesh India
2. Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences (A) Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India
3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Mohan Babu University Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India
4. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering BVRIT Hyderabad College of Engineering for Women Hyderabad Telangana India
5. School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering VIT Bhopal University, Kothri Kalan Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
6. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College for Degree and PG Courses (A) Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India
Abstract
SummaryA four‐element hexa‐band inverted U‐shaped merged stubs miniaturized Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) radiator, operating in 2.10–2.17 GHz for 3G (2.17 GHz) band, 2.52–2.60 GHz for 4G (2.5 GHz) band, 3.31–3.46 GHz for 5G (3.4 GHz [n77 and n78]) bands, 3.66–3.72 GHz for 5G (3.7 GHz [n77 and n78]) bands, 4.53–4.62 GHz for 5G (4.5 GHz [n79]) band, and 5.15–6.02 GHz for 5.5 GHz WLAN bands, is developed. The radiator and ground planes comprise of multiple inverted U‐shaped stubs and slots to form the proposed configuration having overall compact dimensions of 62 × 62 × 1.6 mm3. The peak gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna are found to be 1.31 dBi and 77.48% at 2.17 GHz, 0.98 dBi and 63.3% at 2.55 GHz, 2.9 dBi and 71.13% at 3.38GHz, 1.6 dBi and 66.68% at 3.68 GHz, 2.58 dBi and 77% at 4.57 GHz, and 3.27 dBi and 68.68% at 5.52GHz. The arrangement of four antenna elements is orthogonal (rotationally symmetric) to minimize the mutual coupling, and hence, a minimum isolation of more than 15 dB is noted between all the antenna ports. Furthermore, Envelope Correlation‐Coefficient (ECC) in desired bands is lower than 0.012. Channel Capacity‐Loss (CCL) and Diversity‐Gain (DG) are also good with 0.015 bits/s/Hz and 9.96 dB, respectively. The fabricated structure measurement results agree well with simulation outcomes. These facts result that the proposed MIMO structure is a promising module for the usage in WLAN, 4G, and 5G band applications.