1. Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai`i at Hilo P.O. Box 44 Hawai`i National Park Hawaii 96718 USA
2. Math and Sciences Department Kalia 101 Kapi'olani Community College 4303 Diamond Head Road Honolulu Hawaii 96816 USA
3. U.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
4. U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center P.O. Box 44 Hawai`i National Park Hawaii 96718 USA