Recent Advances in Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic Thermal Technologies of Integrated Phase‐Change Materials: A Review

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) cells convert solar energy into electricity is currently the cleanest and most economical way to generate electricity. Nevertheless, just a portion of the solar power can be transformed into electrical energy, while the remaining portion is converted into heat, leading to an increase in the temperature of the PV cells. The rise in temperature will not only cause a decrease in the electrical efficiency of PV cells, but it may also impact their life span. By placing phase‐change materials (PCMs) on the back of the PV cells, it is possible to decrease the temperature increase and enhance the electrical efficiency. The heat collected by PCMs can also be taken away using liquid cooling and put to use. In this article, the classification, performance evaluation, and composite modification technology of PCMs are introduced in detail. The practical application requirements of PCMs in thermal management of PV cells are discussed, and some new ideas of applying PCMs to PV cells are prospected. Moreover, the prior investigations regarding the incorporation of PCMs with PV systems and PV/T systems are also compiled, encompassing the various research perspectives and methodologies employed. In addition, the possible development direction in the future is prospected.