Affiliation:
1. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany
2. Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
3. Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
Abstract
A thin layer of sputtered or wet‐processed nickel oxide (NiOx) is often used to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Remarkably, NiOx can also be deposited by a recently developed electrochemical method, which is considered promising due to its short processing time, absence of high‐vacuum conditions, and ease of manufacturing. Such electrochemically deposited NiOx (eleNiOx) is obtained by applying an electric bias to the front electrode of a PSC or perovskite solar module (PSM). Therefore, the electrode sheet resistance affects the current distribution through it, creating a gradient in the amount of charge provided for the electrochemical reaction. Consequently, this leads to the inhomogeneity in the formed eleNiOx, which has numerous implications on the final photovoltaic performance of PSMs. In this work, the interdependencies between the electrode sheet resistance, current distribution, eleNiOx thickness gradient, and the caused power losses of large area PSMs are discussed. By coupling the experimental findings with our numerical simulations, it is found that heterogeneity in surface potential of even small‐sized modules can lead to severe differences in local eleNiOx thickness and photovoltaic performance. Therefore the potential drop across the front electrode is an inherent problem of this deposition method and potential approaches are proposed to minimize it.
Funder
HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
Subject
Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Cited by
1 articles.
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