Ultrahigh Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Responsivity in Thin Films: Unexpected Behavior in a Classic Ferroelectric Material

Author:

Shafir Or1ORCID,Bennett-Jackson Andrew L.2,Will-Cole Alexandria R2,Samanta Atanu1,Chen Dongfang3,Podpirka Adrian2,Burger Aaron4,Wu Liyan3,Sosa Eduardo Lupi5,Martin Lane W.6,Spanier Jonathan E.2347,Grinberg Ilya1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel

2. Department of Materials Science & Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104-2875 USA

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104-2875 USA

4. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104-2875 USA

5. Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA

6. Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA

7. Department of Physics Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104-2875 USA

Abstract

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPE) has drawn considerable attention due to its ability to generate photovoltages above the bandgap and reports of highly enhanced photovoltaic current when using nanoscale absorbers or nanoscale electrodes, which, however, do not lend themselves to practical, scalable implementation. Herein, it is shown that a strikingly high BPE photoresponse can be achieved in an ordinary thin‐film configuration merely by tuning fundamental ferroelectric properties. Nonmonotonic dependence of the responsivity (RSC) on the ferroelectric polarization is observed and at the optimal value of the film polarization, a more than three orders of magnitude increase in the RSC from the bulk BaTiO3 value is obtained, reaching RSC close to 10−2 A W−1, the highest value reported to date for the archetypical ferroelectric BaTiO3 films. Results challenge the applicability of standard first‐principles‐based descriptions of BPE to thin films and the inherent weakness of BPE in ferroelectric thin films.

Funder

ARO

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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